0610 IGCSE Biology
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IGCSE Biology Revision Notes for 2023/2024 /2025/2026/2027 / 2028 examinations / Topic 21- Biotechnology and genetic modification
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IGCSE Biology Revision Notes Biotechnology and Genetic Modification for  /2024/2025/2026/2027/2028 Exams

IGCSE Biology Revision Notes
Topic-1-Characteristics and Classification of Living Organisms
1.1
Characteristics-of-living-organisms.pdf Locked
1.2
Concept-and-uses-of-classification-systems.pdf Locked
1.3
Features-of-organisms.pdf Locked
Topic-2-Organisation-of-the-organism
2.1
Cell-structure.pdf Locked
2.2
Size-of-specimens.pdf Locked
Topic-3-Movement-into-and-out-of-cells
3.1
Diffusion.pdf Locked
3.2
Osmosis.pdf Locked
3.3
Active-transport.pdf Locked
Topic-4-Biological-molecules
4.1
Chemical-elements-making-up-biological-molecules.pdf Locked
4.2
Macromolecules.pdf Locked
4.3
Classification-of-proteins.pdf Locked
Test-for-nutrients.pdf Locked
4.4
Structure-of-DNA.pdf Locked
Topic-5-Enzymes
5.1
Enzyme-basics.pdf Locked
5.2
Action-of-enzymes.pdf Locked
5.3
Effect-of-temperature-on-enzyme-activity.pdf Locked
5.4
Effect-of-pH-and some-application-based-questions.pdf Locked
Topic 6 Plant Nutrition
6.1
Photosynthesis.pdf Locked
6.2
Leaf structure.pdf Locked
Topic 7 Human nutrition
7.1.2
Alimentary-canal.pdf Locked
Principle-dietary-sources.pdf Locked
7.1.3
Causes-of-scurvy-and-rickets.pdf Locked
7.2
Digestive-system.pdf Locked
7.3
Physicsl-digestion.pdf Locked
7.4
Chemical-digestion.pdf Locked
7.5
Absorption.pdf Locked
Topic 8 - Transport in plants
8.1
Xylem-and-Phloem.pdf Locked
8.3
Transpiration.pdf Locked
8.4
Translocation.pdf Locked
Topic-9 Transport in animals
9.1
Circulatory-systems.pdf Locked
9.2
The-heart.pdf Locked
9.3
Blood-vessels.pdf Locked
9.4
Blood.pdf Locked
Topic 10- Diseases and immunity
10.1
Disease and immunity.pdf Locked
Topic 11- Gas exchange in humans
11.1
Features of gas exchange system.pdf Locked
11.2
Parts of the gas exchange system.pdf Locked
11.3
Ventilation-Inspired-Expired air-Composition.pdf Locked
11.4
Physical activity and rate and depth of breathing.pdf Locked
11.5
Inhalation-Exhalation.pdf Locked
11.6
Difference in the CO2 content -Lime water test.pdf Locked
11.7
Goblet cells-Mucus and ciliated cells.pdf Locked
Topic 12- Respiration
12.1
12.2-12.3-Respiration.pdf Locked
Topic 13- Excretion in humans
13.1
EXCRETION-Basics.pdf Locked
13.2
Assimilation and Deamination.pdf Locked
13.3
Functions-of-liver.pdf Locked
13.4
Structure-of-kidneys-Ultrafiltration.pdf Locked
Topic 14- Coordination and response
14.1
Human nervous system.pdf Locked
14.2
Sense organs.pdf Locked
14.3
Hormones.pdf Locked
14.4
Homeostasis.pdf Locked
14.5
Tropic-responses.pdf Locked
Topic 15- Drugs
15.1
Drugs.pdf Locked
Topic 16 - Reproduction
16.1
Asexual-Reproduction.pdf Locked
16.2
Sexual-Reproduction.pdf Locked
16.3
Sexual-Reproduction-In-Plants.pdf Locked
16.4.1
Sexual-reproduction-in-humans-Male-reproductive-system.pdf Locked
16.4.2
Sexual-reproduction-in-humans-Female reproductive system-Functions.pdf Locked
16.4.3
Adaptive-features-of-an-egg-cell.pdf Locked
16.4.4
Adaptive features of a sperm.pdf Locked
16.4.5
Comparing-male-female-gametes.pdf Locked
16.4.6
Fertilisation in humans.pdf Locked
16.4.7
Role of the placenta in maintaining pregnancy.pdf Locked
16.4.8
Functions of the amniotic fluid and amniotic sac.pdf Locked
16.4.9
Functions of the umblical cord.pdf Locked
16.5
Sexual-hormones-in-humans.pdf Locked
16.6
Sexually transmitted infections.pdf Locked
Topic 17-Inheritance
17.1
Inheritance.pdf Locked
17.2
Mitosis.pdf Locked
17.3
Meiosis.pdf Locked
17.4
Monohybrid-inheritance.pdf Locked
Topic 18- Variation and selection
18.1
Variation.pdf Locked
18.2
Adaptive-features.pdf Locked
18.3
Selection.pdf Locked
Topic 19- Organisms and their environment
19.1
19.2-Food-chains-and-food-webs.pdf Locked
19.3
Nutrient-cycles.pdf Locked
19.4
Populations.pdf Locked
Topic 20- Human influences on ecosystems
20.1
Food-supply.pdf Locked
20.2
Habitat-destruction.pdf Locked
20.3
Pollution.pdf Locked
20.4
Conservation.pdf Locked
Topic 21- Biotechnology and genetic modification
21.1
Biotechnology-and-genetic-modification.pdf Locked
21.2.1
Biotechnology-Making-Ethanol-and-bread.pdf Locked
21.2.2
Biotechnology-Lactose free milk.pdf Locked
21.2.3
Making penicillin.pdf Locked
21.2.4
Biotechnology-Extracting-fruit-juice.pdf Locked
21.2.5
Biotechnology-Biological-washing-powders.pdf Locked
Biotechnology-Investigate-the-use-of-Biological-washing-powders.pdf Locked
21.2.6
Penicillin-Insulin-Mycoprotein-production.pdf Locked
21.2.7
Conditions-in-a-fermenter.pdf Locked
21.3
Genetic-modification.pdf Locked