0610 IGCSE Biology
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PAPER-2-TOPIC-WISE PAST PAPERS / 18-VARIATION AND SELECTION
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IGCSE Biology Topic Questions on  Variation and Selection Paper 2 2024/2025/2026/2027/2028 

IGCSE Biology Topic Questions
1-CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS
1.0
Characteristics of living organisms-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Characteristics of living organisms-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Characteristics of living organisms-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Characteristics of living organisms-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
Characteristics of living organisms-Set-3-qp.pdf Locked
Characteristics of living organisms-Set-3-ms.pdf Locked
1.1
Classification system of organisms-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Classification system of organisms-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
1.2
Vertebrates-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Vertebrates-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Vertebrates-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Vertebrates-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
1.3
Arthropods-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Arthropods-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
1.4
Fungus-Protoctist-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Fungus-Protoctist-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
1.5
Binomial system-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Binomial system-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Binomial system-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Binomial system-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
1.6
Monocots and dicots-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Monocots and dicots-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
1.7
Dichotomous Keys-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Dichotomous Keys-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Dichotomous Keys-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Dichotomous Keys-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
Dichotomous Keys-Set-3-qp.pdf Locked
Dichotomous Keys-Set-3-ms.pdf Locked
2-ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM
2.1
Animal and plant cells-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Animal and plant cells-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Animal and plant cells-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Animal and plant cells-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
Animal and plant cells-Set-3-qp.pdf Locked
Animal and plant cells-Set-3-ms.pdf Locked
Animal and plant cells-Set-4-qp.pdf Locked
Animal and plant cells-Set-4-ms.pdf Locked
Animal and plant cells-Set-5-qp.pdf Locked
Animal and plant cells-Set-5-ms.pdf Locked
2.2
Specialised cells-parts functions-qp.pdf Locked
Specialised cells-parts functions-ms.pdf Locked
2.3
Magnification-Size-Biological specimens-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Magnification-Size-Biological specimens-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Structure and functions of xylem and phloem-qp.pdf Locked
Structure and functions of xylem and phloem-ms.pdf Locked
2.4
Tissues cells organs organ system-qp.pdf Locked
Tissues cells organs organ system-ms.pdf Locked
3-MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF CELLS
3.1
DIffusion-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
DIffusion-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Diffusion-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Diffusion-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
3.2
Osmosis-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Osmosis-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Osmosis-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Osmosis-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
Osmosis-Set-3-qp.pdf Locked
Osmosis-Set-3-ms.pdf Locked
4-BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
4.1
Chemical elements in biological molecules-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Chemical elements in biological molecules-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
4.2
Food tests-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Food tests-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
4.3
Water-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Water-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
4.4
Structure of DNA-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Structure of DNA-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
5-ENZYMES
5.1
Characteristics-and-Properties-of-enzymes-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Characteristics-and-Properties-of-enzymes-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
5.2
Effect-of-pH-on-enzyme-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Effect-of-pH-on-enzyme-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
5.3
Effect-of-temperature-on-enzymes-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Effect-of-temperature-on-enzymes-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Effect-of-temperature-on-enzymes-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Effect-of-temperature-on-enzymes-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
5.4
Action-of-enzymes-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Action-of-enzymes-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
6-PLANT NUTRITION
6.1
Cross-Section of a leaf-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Cross-Section of a leaf-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
6.2
Photosynthesis-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Photosynthesis-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
6.3
Minerals and their use-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Minerals and their use-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7-ANIMAL NUTRITION
7.1
Anaemia-ms-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Anaemia-ms-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.2
Basic units of large molecules-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Basic units of large molecules-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.3
Chemical digestion-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Chemical digestion-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.4
Egestion-Excretion-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Egestion-Excretion-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.5
Ezymes and their function-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Ezymes and their function-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.6
Fibre and digestion-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Fibre and digestion-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.7
Mechanical digestion-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Mechanical digestion-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.8
Peristalsis-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Peristalsis-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.9
pH changes in mouth and bacteria-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
pH changes in mouth and bacteria-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.10
Rickets and scurvy-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Rickets and scurvy-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.11
Structure of protein molecules-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Structure of protein molecules-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.12
Type of teeth and function-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Type of teeth and function-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.13
Nutrients and their uses-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Nutrients and their uses-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8-TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
8.2
Guard cells-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Guard cells-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.3
Leaf structure and functions-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Leaf structure and functions-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.4
Movement of water-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Movement of water-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.5
Movement of water-ions into roots-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Movement of water-ions into roots-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.6
Structure of phloem-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Structure of phloem-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.7
Substances transported in the phloem-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Substances transported in the phloem-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.8
Transport in the phloem-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Transport in the phloem-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.9
Movement of water-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Movement of water-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.10
Transpiration-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Transpiration-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.11
Wilting-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Wilting-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.12
Xylem-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Xylem-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8.13
Respiration-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Respiration-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
8-TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
1
Diagram-Based-Questions-Transport-in-Animals-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2
Diagram-Based-Questions-Transport-in-Animals-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3
P2-Blood-Circulation-In-Fish-Topic-Questions-Set-1.pdf Locked
4
Blood-Vessels-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
5
Blood-Vessels-Topic-Questions-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6
CHD-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7
Components-of-Blood-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
8
Components-of-Blood-Topic-Questions-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9
Blood-Clotting-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
10
Working-of-Heart-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11
Comparing-Circulatory-Systems-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12
Structure-and-Function-of-Heart-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
10-DISEASE AND IMMUNITY
10.1
Antigens-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Antigens-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
10.2
Barriers-for-pathogens-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Barriers-for-pathogens-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
10.3
Pathogens-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Pathogens-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
10.4
Immunity-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Immunity-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
10.5
Vaccination-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Vaccination-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
10.6
Cholera-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Cholera-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
11-GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS
11.1
Breathing-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Breathing-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
11.2
Composition of air-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Composition of air-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
11.3
Exercise-Breathing-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Exercise-Breathing-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
11.4
Gas exchange system-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Gas exchange system-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Gas exchange system-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Gas exchange system-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
12-RESPIRATION
12.1
Anaerobic respiration-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Anaerobic respiration-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
12.2
Anaerobic respiration-Microorganism-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Anaerobic respiration-Microorganism-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
12.3
Respiration-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Respiration-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
12.4
Use of energy from respiration-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Use of energy from respiration-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
12.5
Effect of temp on respiration-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Effect of temp on respiration-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
12.6
Oxygen debt-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Oxygen debt-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
12.7
Experiments-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Experiments-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
13-EXCRETION IN HUMANS
13.1
Excretion in humans-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Excretion in humans-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Excretion in humans-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Excretion in humans-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
Excretion in humans-Set-3-qp.pdf Locked
Excretion in humans-Set-3-ms.pdf Locked
Excretion in humans-Set-4-qp.pdf Locked
Excretion in humans-Set-4-ms.pdf Locked
14-COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
14.1
Nervous system-Sense organs-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Nervous system-Sense organs-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
14.2
Sense organs-Nervous system-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Sense organs-Nervous system-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
14.3
Reflex arcs-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Reflex arcs-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
14.4
Temperature control-Skin-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Temperature control-Skin-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Temperature control-Skin-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Temperature control-Skin-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
Temperature control-Skin-Set-2-qp (1).pdf Locked
14.5
Tropisms-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Tropisms-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Tropisms-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Tropisms-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
14.6
Neurons-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Neurons-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
14.7
Antagonistic muscles-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Antagonistic muscles-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
14.8
Controlling glucose levels-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Controlling glucose levels-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
14.9
Synapse-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Synapse-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
14.10
Hormones-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Hormones-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
15-DRUGS
15.1
Effects of tobacco smoke components-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Effects of tobacco smoke components-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
15.2
Liver-Site for drug breakdown-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Liver-Site for drug breakdown-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
15.3
Drugs to improve sporting performance-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Drugs to improve sporting performance-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
15.4
Alcohol-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Alcohol-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
15.5
Nicotine-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Nicotine-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
15.6
Antibiotics-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Antibiotics-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16-REPRODUCTION
16.1
Asexual reproduction-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Asexual reproduction-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.2
Sexual reproduction-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Sexual reproduction-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.3
Zygote-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Zygote-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.4
Parts of a flower-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Parts of a flower-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.5
Dispersal-Pollination-Fertilisation-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Dispersal-Pollination-Fertilisation-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Dispersal-Pollination-Fertilisation-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Dispersal-Pollination-Fertilisation-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
16.6
Germination of seeds-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Germination of seeds-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Germination of seeds-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Germination of seeds-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
Germination of seeds-Set-3-qp.pdf Locked
Germination of seeds-Set-3-ms.pdf Locked
16.7
Insect-wind-pollinated-flowers-set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Insect-Wind pollinated flowers-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.8
Male-Female gametes-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Male-Female gametes-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Male-Female gametes-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Male-Female gametes-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
16.9
Labelling-Reproductive organs-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Labelling-Reproductive organs-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.10
Menstrual cycle-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Menstrual cycle-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Menstrual cycle-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Menstrual cycle-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
16.11
Labour-Birth-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Labour-Birth-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.12
Ovulation-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Ovulation-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.13
Hormones-Pregnancy-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Hormones-Pregnancy-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.14
Fertilisation-Implantation-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Fertilisation-Implantation-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.15
Amniotic fluid-sac-Umblical cord-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Amniotic fluid-sac-Umblical cord-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.16
Fertility treatments-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Fertility treatments-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.17
Birth control methods-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Birth control methods-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.18
Amniotic fluid-sac-Umblical cord-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Amniotic fluid-sac-Umblical cord-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.19
Sexually transmitted infections-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Sexually transmitted infections-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.20
Growth-Sexual characteristics-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Growth-Sexual characteristics-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.21
Causes of infertility-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Causes of infertility-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
16.22
Hormones-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Hormones-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17-INHERITANCE
17.1
Meosis-set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Meosis-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.2
Inherired traits-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Inherired traits-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Inheritance-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Inheritance-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
17.3
Sexual reproduction-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Sexual reproduction-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.4
Genotype-Phenotype-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Genotype-Phenotype-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.5
Autosomes-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Autosomes-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.6
Codominance-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Codominance-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.7
Mitosis-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Mitosis-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.8
Protein-synthesis-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Protein synthesis-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.9
Sickle cell anaemia-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Sickle cell anaemia-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.10
DNA and genes-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
DNA and genes-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.11
Alleles-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Alleles-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.12
Sex-linked inheritance-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Sex-linked inheritance-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.14
Haploid-Diploid cells-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Haploid-Diploid cells-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
17.15
Karyogram-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Karyogram-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
18-VARIATION AND SELECTION
18.1
Continuous and discontinuous variation-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Continuous and discontinuous variation-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
18.2
Mutation-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Mutation-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
18.3
Adaptive features-Organisms-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Adaptive features-Organisms-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
18.4
Natural selection-Selective breeding-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Natural selection-Selective breeding-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
19-ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
19.1
Carbon cycle-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Carbon cycle-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Carbon cycle-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Carbon cycle-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
19.2
Water cycle-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Water cycle-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
19.3
Nitrogen cycle-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Nitrogen cycle-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
19.4
Food chains-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Food chains-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
19.5
Food-web-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Food-web-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
19.7
Pyramid of numbers-biomass-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Pyramid of numbers-biomass-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Pyramid of numbers-biomass-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Pyramid of numbers-biomass-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
19.8
Basic ecology terms-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Basic ecology terms-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
19.9
Population-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Population-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
20-BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
20.1
Genetic engineering-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Genetic engineering-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
20.2
Biotechnology-Beer-Bread making-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Biotechnology-Beer-Bread making-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Biotechnology-breadmaking-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Biotechnology-breadmaking-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
20.3
Biotechnology-pectinase-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Biotechnology-pectinase-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
20.4
Genetically modified crops-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Genetically modified crops-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
21-HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
21.1
Monocultures-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Monocultures-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
21.2
Problems contributing to famines-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Problems contributing to famines-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
21.3
Land and water pollution-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Land and water pollution-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
Land and water pollution-Set-2-qp.pdf Locked
Land and water pollution-Set-2-ms.pdf Locked
21.4
Deforestation-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Deforestation-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
21.5
Sewage treatment-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Sewage treatment-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
21.6
Air pollution-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Air pollution-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
21.7
Eutrophication-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Eutrophication-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
21.8
Conservation-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Conservation-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
21.9
Global warming-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Global warming-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
21.10
Crops and pests-Set-1-qp.pdf Locked
Crops and pests-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked