0610 IGCSE Biology
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PAPER-4-TOPIC-WISE PAST PAPERS / 18-VARIATION AND SELECTION
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IGCSE Biology Topic Questions on Variation and Selection/ Paper 4/ For  2024/2025/2026/2027/2028 Exams

IGCSE Biology Topic Questions
1-CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS
1.0.0
Magnification-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.0.1
Magnification-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.1.1
Binomial system-questions-and-answers.pdf Locked
1.1.2
Binomial system-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
1.2.1
Bird-characteristics-questions-and-answers.pdf Locked
1.2.2
Bird characteristics-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.4.1
Monocots and dicots-questions-and-model-solutions.pdf Locked
1.4.2
Monocots and dicots-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.5.1
Arthropod-arachnid classification-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.5.2
Arthropods-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.5.3
Features of arthropods-Keys-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.5.4
Arthropod features-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.5.5
Difference between arachnids-arthropods-ms.pdf Locked
1.5.6
Myriapods-ms.pdf Locked
1.6.1
Difference between annelids and nematodes-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.7.1
Difference-mammals and vertebrates-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.7.2
Vertebrate classification-mixed bag-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.7.3
Features of vertebrates-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.7.4
Difference between mammals and other vertebrates-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
1.7.5
Features of mammals-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.8.1
Bacteria-Virus-Fungi-questions-and-answers.pdf Locked
1.8.2
Bacteria-Virus-Fungi-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.9.1
Mollusc-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.10
Myriapods-qp-ms.pdf Locked
1.12.1
Keys-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
1.12.2
Keys-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
1.12.3
Keys-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
1.12.4
Keys-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
1.13.1
Classifying organisms-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
1.13.2
Use of DNA in identifying species-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
1.13.3
Classifying organisms-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
1.14.1
Define species-questions-and-model-answers.pdf Locked
2-ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM
2.0.0
Magnification-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.1.3
Animal-cell-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Plant-cell-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.1.4
Plant-and-Animal-cell-Prokaryotes-1.pdf Locked
Plant-and-Animal-cell-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.4.1
Features-of-a-bacteria-animal-cell-qp-ms-1.pdf Locked
Features-of-a-bacterial-cell-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.5.1
Cells-Tissues-Organs-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Cells-Tissues-Organs-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.6.2
Specialised-Cells-Ciliated-Cells-1.pdf Locked
Specialised-Cells-Root-hair-cell-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.6.3
Specialised-Cells-Sperm-cell-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.6.4
Specialised-Cells-Sperm-and-Egg-cell-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.6.5
Specialised-Cells-Palisade-Mesophyll-Cells-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.6.6
Specialised-Cells-Neurons-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.6.7
Specialised-Cells-Red-Blood-Cells-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
2.6.8
Specialised-Cells-Mixed-Bag-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3-MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF CELLS
3.0.0
Define-Active-Transport-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Define-Diffusion-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Define-Osmosis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.1.1
Comparing-Diffusion-and-Active-Transport-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.1.2
Factors-affecting-Diffusion-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.2.1
Process-of-Osmosis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.2.2
Experiment-on-Osmosis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.2.3
Benefits-of-osmosis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.3.1
Active-Transport-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.3.2
Active-transport-and-Osmosis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.4.1
Process-of-wilting-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.4.2
Advantages-of-wilting-to-a-plant-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.4.3
Factors-causing-wilting-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.4.4
Changes-to-a-leaf-that-cause-wilting-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.4.5
Conditions-increasing-wilting-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.5.1
Importance-of-water-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.6.1
Application-of-Active-Transport-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
3.7.1
Application-of-Diffusion-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Application-of-Diffusion-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Application-of-Osmosis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
4-BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
4.1
DNA-qp-ms.pdf Locked
4.2
Biological moecules-qp-ms.pdf Locked
4.3
Chemical elements in proteins-qp-ms.pdf Locked
5-ENZYMES
5.1
Enzymes-qp-ms.pdf Locked
5.2
Enzymes-qp-ms.pdf Locked
5.3
Enzymes-qp-ms.pdf Locked
5.4.1
Labelling enzyme action stages-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6-PLANT NUTRITION
6.0.0
Photosynthesis-Chemical-and-Word-Equation-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.1
Function-of-chlorophyll-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.5
Effect-of-Carbondioxide-Concentration-on-the-Rate-of-Photosyntesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.6
Effect-of-Varying-Light-Intensity-on-the-Rate-of-Photosyntesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.7
Effect-of-Temperature-on-the-Rate-of-Photosyntesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.8
Experiment-To-find-if-CO2-is-necessary-for-photosynthesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.9
Effect-of-light-dark-conditions-on-gas-exchange-in-aquatic-plants-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.10
Limiting-Factor-for-Photosynthesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.11
Experiment-Measuring-the-rate-of-photosyntesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.12
Environmental-Factor-Affecting-Photosynthesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.1.14
Importance-of-Magnesium-and-Nitrate-ions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Importance-of-Magnesium-and-Nitrate-ions-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.2.1
Adaptation-of-a-leaf-for-Photosyntesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Use-and-Storage-of-Carbohydrates-made-in-Photosynthesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Use-and-Storage-of-Glucose-made-in-Photosynthesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Use-and-Storage-of-Starch-made-in-Photosynthesis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.2.2
Features-of-a-photosynthesising-plant-cell-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.2.3
Factors-that-limit-plant-growth-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.2.4
Photosynthesis-Diagram-based-question-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.5
Source -sink-qp-ms.pdf Locked
6.6
Glasshouses-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7-ANIMAL NUTRITION
7.1
Teeth-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7.2
Fluoride-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7.3
Cholera-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.4
CHD-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
7.5
Malnutrition-Deficiency disease-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7.6
Digestion-Enzymes-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7.7
Villi-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Villi-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7.8
Diarrhoea-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7.9
Role of liver-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7.10
Starch digestion-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7.11
Lymphatic system-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
7.12
Harmful effects of cholestrol-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
8-TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
8.1
Photosynthesis and use of sucrose-qp-ms.pdf Locked
8.2
Translocation-source and sink-qp-ms.pdf Locked
8.3
Transpiration-qp-ms.pdf Locked
8.4
Roots-ion uptake-qp-ms.pdf Locked
8.5
Water uptake by roots-qp-ms.pdf Locked
8.6
Wilting-qp-ms.pdf Locked
8.8
Xylem-Phloem-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9-TRANSPORT IN ANIMALS
9.0.0
Meaning-of-single-circulation-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.0.1
Features-of-gills-as-a-gas-exchange-surface-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.0.2
Circulatory-system-of-a-fish-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.0.3
Functions-of-components-of-blood-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.0.4
Identifying-blood-vessels-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.1
Arteries-capillaries-veins-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.1.1
Structures-of-Heart-and-their-Function-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.2
Blood-clotting-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Blood-clotting-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.3
Coronary-heart-disease-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Coronary-heart-disease-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.4
Working-of-heart-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.10
Double-circulation-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Double-circulation-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.14
Structure-of-an-artery-in-relation-to-its-function-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.15
Capillaries-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Drawing-the-structure-of-arteries-and-veins.pdf Locked
9.16
Veins-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.18
Role-of-Phagocytes-and-Lymphocytes-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Role-of-Phagocytes-and-Lymphocytes-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.19
White-blood-cells-and-prokaryote-structure-comparison-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.20
Identifying-different-kind-of-cells-from-diagrams-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.21
Plasma-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.22
Red-blood-Cells-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.23
Main-blood-vessels-from-Heart-Lung-Liver-Kidneys.pdf Locked
9.24
Septum-IGCSE-Topic-Questions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
9.25
Effect-of-physical-activity-on-excercise-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
10-DISEASE AND IMMUNITY
10.1.0
Transmissible disease-passive immunity-qp-ms.pdf Locked
10.2.1
Immune response-qp-ms.pdf Locked
10.3.1
Mechanical-Chemical barriers-qp-ms.pdf Locked
10.4.1
Vaccination-Virus-qp-ms.pdf Locked
10.5.1
Lymphocytes and Role of antibodies-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11-GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS
11.1
Labelling the structures-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11.2
Features of the gas exchange system-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11.3
Breathing movements-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11.4
Breathing and exercise-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11.5
Breathing and exercise-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11.6
Ciliated and Goblet cells-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11.7
Effect of tobacco smoke on cilia-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11.8
Movement of oxygen from alveoli to blood-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
11.9
Function of cartilage in the gas exchange system-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12-RESPIRATION
12.0
Definitions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12.1
Uses-of-energy-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12.1.1
Respiration-in-yeast-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12.2
Respiration-Germinating-seeds-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12.3
Oxygen-Debt-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12.4
Aerobic-respiration-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Aerobic-respiration-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Equation-for-Aerobic-Respiration-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12.5
Anerobic-respiration-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12.6
Difference-between-Aerobic-and-Anaerobic-Respiration-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
12.7
Build-up-of-lactic-acid-during-exercise-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
13-EXCRETION IN HUMANS
13.1
Define-excretion-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Kidney-transplant-dialysis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Kidney-transplant-dialysis-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
13.2
Purpose-of-excretion-Set-1-ms.pdf Locked
13.3
Formation-of-urea-by-the-kidneys-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Labelling-drawing-kidney-structures-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Labelling-drawing-kidney-structures-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Labelling-drawing-kidney-structures-Set-3-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Labelling-drawing-kidney-structures-Set-4-qp-ms.pdf Locked
13.4
Processing-of-toxins-by-the-liver-ms-1.pdf Locked
13.5
Filtration-by-kidneys-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Filtration-by-kidneys-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Filtration-by-kidneys-Set-3-qp-ms.pdf Locked
13.6
Deamination-ms-1.pdf Locked
13.7
Components-of-blood-flitrate-and-urine-of-a-healthy-person-qp-ms.pdf Locked
13.8
Concentration-of-substances-in-the-blood-vessels-qp-ms-1.pdf Locked
13.9
Function-of-renal-capsule-ms.pdf Locked
13.10
Importance-of-tissue-typing-ms.pdf Locked
13.11
Glomerulus-Structure-Function-ms.pdf Locked
13.12
Absorption-of-substances-by-kidneys-ms.pdf Locked
14-COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
14.1
Labelling-structures-organs-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.2
Important-definitions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.3
Sense-Organ-Eyes-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Sense-Organ-Eyes-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.4
Homeostasis-Glucose-concentration-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Homeostasis-Glucose-concentration-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Homeostasis-Skin-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Homeostasis-Skin-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.5
Reflex-actions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Reflex-actions-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.7
Difference-between-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.8
Voluntary-Involuntary-actions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.9
Adrenaline-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.10
Neurons-Neurotransmitters-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Reflexes-Reflex-arc-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.12
Reaction time-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.13
Hormones-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.14
Auxins-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.15
Nervous-system-basics-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
14.16
Insulin-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
15-DRUGS
15.0
Important-definitions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
15.2
Role-of liver-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Use-of-drugs-Sporing-performance-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
15.3
Effect-of-heroin-on-synapse-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Effects-of-alcohol-consumption-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
15.4
Effects-of-smoking-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
15.5
Antibiotic-resistance-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Antibiotic-resistance-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
15.6
Effect-of-drugs-on-synapse-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16-REPRODUCTION
16.1.1
Adaptations of a sperm cell-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-Asexual-Reproduction-to-Crop-plants-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.1.2
Asexual-Reproduction-in-Bacteria-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Asexual-Reproduction-in-Fungus-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.1.3
Asexual-Reproduction-Advantages-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.2.1
Breastfeeding-Advanteges-disadvantages-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.2.2
Define-Fertilisation-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Process-of-Fertilisation-in-Plants-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.2.3
Nuclei-of-Gametes-and-Zygote-Fetus-Haploid-and-Diploid-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Nuclei-of-Gametes-and-Zygote-Fetus-Haploid-and-Diploid-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.2.4
Disadvantages-of-Sexual-Reproduction-to-plant-species-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Sexual-Asexual Reproduction-Advantages-Disadvantages-to-Plant-Species-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Sexual-Reproduction-Advantages-to-Animal-Species-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Sexual-Reproduction-Advantages-to-Mammals-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Sexual-Reproduction-Advantages-to-Plants-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Sexual-Reproduction-Advantages-to-Species-in-the-Wild-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.2.5
Sexual-Asexual Reproduction-Advantages-Disadvantages-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.1
Flower-parts-and-their-functions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Flower-parts-and-their-functions-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.2
Comparing-Stigmas-of-Insect-and-Wind-Pollinated-Flowers-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.3
Describing-Features-of-Wind-Pollinated-Flowers-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.4
Adaptation-of-Flower-for-Insect-Pollination-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Insect-and-Wind-Pollinated-Flower-Pollen-Comparison-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Pollinators-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.5
Define-Cross-Pollination-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Define-Pollination-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.8
Seed-Formation-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.9
Define-Self-Pollination-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Difference-between-Self-and-Cross-Pollination-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Self-Pollination-Advantages-Disadvantages-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Stages-Between-Self-Pollination-and-Fertilisation-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.10
Advantages-of-Cross-Pollination-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.12
Self-and-Cross-Polliantaion-Differences-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.13
Identifying-the-type-of-pollination-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Implication-of -Self-Pollination-to-Plant-Species-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.3.14
Long-term-effects-of-self-pollination-on-the-evolution-of-Plants-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.5.1
Birth control mechanisms-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.6.1
Breast milk and formula milk-Difference-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.7
Growth of embryo-umblical cord-placenta-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.7.1
Contraceptive Methods-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.8.1
Hormones for puberty in boys-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.9.1
Menstrual cycle-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.9.2
Menstrual cycle-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.10.1
HIV-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.10.2
HIV-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.11.1
Placenta and amniotic fluid-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.12.1
Artificial insemination-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.13.1
Sperm-Egg Cell-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.13.2
Sperm-Egg-cell-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.15.1
Immune system-Antibody production-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.16
1-Male reproductive system-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.16.2
Testes-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.30.0
Seeds-Labelling seed parts-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.30.1
Germination of seeds-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.30.2
Conditions for seed germination-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.31.1
Micropyle-qp-ms.pdf Locked
16.32.1
Changes to fertilised egg before implantation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
17-INHERITANCE
17.1
Important-definitions-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
17.2
Making-proteins-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Meosis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
17.3
Sex-linked-characteristic-inheritance-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
17.4
Stem Cells-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
17.5
Mitosis-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
17.6
Genetic-diagrams-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Genetic-diagrams-Set-2-qp-ms.pdf Locked
17.7
Pedigree-diagrams-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
17.8
Inheritance of blood groups-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
17.9
Chromosomes-Set-1-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18-VARIATION AND SELECTION
18.1
Adaptation in plants-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.2
Discontinuous variation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.2.1
Continuous variation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.3
Effects of sickle cell anaemia-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.4
Genetic engineering-qp-ms.pdf Locked
Sickle cell anaemia-chance of survival-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.5
Adaptation in hydrophytes-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.6
Inheritance of sickle cell anaemia-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.7
Mutation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.7.2
Mutation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.8
Naming various processes in plants-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.9
Variation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.10
Adaptation of xerophytes-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.11
Adaptation and natural selection-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.12
Adaptive features-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.13
Adaptive features that increase fitness-qp-ms.pdf Locked
18.14
Difference-Natural selection-Selective breeding-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19-ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
19.1.1
Sigmoid population-growth curve-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.1.3
Sigmoid curve-Bacteria-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.1.4
Yeast poupation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.1.5
Bacterial growth curve-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.1.7
Sigmoid curve-Sheep-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.1.8
Sigmoid curve-Fish population-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.1.9
Population-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.2
Define-ecosystem-food webs-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.3.1
Food chain-web-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.3.2
Food chains-food webs-trophic level-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.4
Habitat destruction-marine pollution-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.5
Introducing foreign species to the environment-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.6
Loss in energy-trophic levels-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.7
Mutation-selective breeding-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.8.1
Pyramids-Biomass-Numbers-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.8.2
Pyramid of numbers-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.9.1
Nutrient cycle-Carbon-Nitrogen-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.9.2
Nitrogen cycle-qp-ms.pdf Locked
19.9.3
Carbon cycle-Food web-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20-BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
20.0
Washing powder-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.3
Insulin-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.4
Yoghurt production-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.4.1
Yoghurt production-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.5
Penicillin production-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.5.1
Penecillin production-ms-qp.pdf Locked
20.5.2
Penicillin production-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.6
Genetic engineering-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.6.2
Genetic engineering-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.7
Gentically Modified Crops-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.7.1
Mycoprotein-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.8.1
Bread making-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.9.1
Gene transfer and genetically modified crops-qp-ms.pdf Locked
20.10.1
Use of pectinase-qp-ms.pdf Locked
205.3
Bread and penicillin making-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21-HUMAN INFLUENCES ON ECOSYSTEMS
21.0
Population-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.0.1
Bacterial growth curve-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.0.2
Sigmoid curve-Bacteria-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.0.3
Yeast poupation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.1
Advantages of recycling-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.2.0
Conservation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.2.1
Conservation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.3.1
Deforestation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.4.1
Herbicides-Environment-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.5.1
Carbondioxide-Environment-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.6.1
Methane-Environment-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.7.1
Plastic -Environment-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.7.2
Plastics-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.8.1
Eutrophication-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.9.1
Greenhouse effect-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.10.1
Sewage treatment-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.11.1
Water cycle-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.12.1
Effects of fertilisers and manures on crops-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.13.1
Habitat destruction-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.14.1
Importance of conservation-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.15.1
Endangered species-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.15.2
Endangered species-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.16.1
Global warming-qp-ms.pdf Locked
21.17.1
Overfishing-Sustainable resources-qp-ms.pdf Locked